Retinal biology is the study of the complex and highly specialized tissue located in the back of the eye that is responsible for converting light into neural signals that are sent to the brain for visual processing. This research area encompasses a wide range of topics, including the structure and function of the different cell types in the retina, the mechanisms of visual transduction, retinal development and degeneration, as well as various diseases and disorders that affect the retina such as macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa. Researchers in this field aim to better understand the biology of the retina in health and disease, with the ultimate goal of developing new treatments and therapies for retinal disorders.